Diesel questions

So what you need to find out is:
Who invented the diesel engine and when?
What fuel pressure would you get from a diesel pump?
How does the diesel pump work and why do we need to time the pump?
How do you time the pump and with what equipment would you use?
What is the purpose of a glow plugs and how do you test the circuit?
Why do we need an lift pump on diesel engine?
Why do we need a electronic fuel shut of valve?
What is the knock sensor for and where is it situated?
How does the diesel injectors work?
Why do you need to bleed a diesel engine after replacing a fuel filter or removing the pump?
How do you bleed the system?
How does a turbo work?
Why do we need a turbo fitted to a diesel engine?
What is a supercharger?
Whats the difference between a turbo and supercharger?
Why do we need a after- cooler or inter-cooler fitted to a diesel engine?
What the difference between  in a direct-injection ( DI,) an indirect-injection ( IDI)?
What is the purpose of an governor?
What is the difference between a diesel and a common rail diesel?